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balloon tank
A balloon tank is a style of fuel tank used in the Atlas ICBM and Centaur upper stage that does not use an internal framework, but instead relies on a constant internal pressurization to keep its shape.
Balloon tanks are very light, and this permits a good propellant mass fraction.
One disadvantage of balloon tanks is that if pressurisation fails, the vehicle collapses.
==Design==
Balloon tanks get their name from the cylindrical party balloons which inspired Karel Bossart, who designed both the Atlas and Centaur rockets for the U.S. Air Force and NASA. Constructed of very thin stainless steel, the tanks, prior to integration into the Atlas or Centaur rocket body, are inflated with nitrogen to give the tanks their shape and strength. Balloon tanks must always remain pressurized, as any drop in pressurization will result in the failure of the vehicle. Tanks of all other liquid-propelled rockets remain rigid while empty due to an internal framework, although they do depend on pressure inside the tanks to support thrust and launch loads.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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